This function occurs at the router level where the NAT acts like a traffic cop, directing the flow of network traffic through the router so that a single public IP address can be shared among all the devices behind the router. This is thanks to a wonderful bit of routing magic known as a Network Address Translation (NAT). How does all the information from the internet get to the right device inside the network? If you visit on your laptop how does it end up on your laptop and not your son’s desktop if the public-facing IP address is the same for all devices? The diagram raises an interesting question which you may not have thought about before. If your public IP address is like a street address, think of the internal IP addresses like apartment numbers for that street address. The additional addresses all belong to the computers seen at the bottom of the image. The red address 192.1.168.1 is the router address within your network.
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